| Meteorological Parameters in Malaysia: An Investigation Between Real Measurements and NASA Database |
| Mohamed A. Almaktar, Haytham Y. Mahmoud, Elsenoussi Y. Daoud, and Zakariya R. Hasan |
Abstract This article investigates the meteorological parameters database for six locations in Peninsula Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur (KL), Johor Bahru (JB), Malacca, Ipoh, Kuantan, and Bayan Lepas) comparing to NASA database. Hourly measurements of global solar radiation, ambient temperature and wind speed were obtained from Malaysia Meteorological Department (MMD) between years 2005-2009. The conducted investigation shows that there is a clear discrepancy between real measurements and satellite-based data provided by NASA. The historical data obtained from MMD can be modeled for predicting weather parameters for other locations in Malaysia and worldwide. The investigation concludes that utilizing real meteorological measurements is more convenient and accurate for predicting the energy output of photovoltaic (PV) systems in the pre-installation phase in terms of feasibility and performance analysis of the system. Index Terms—Malaysia meteorology, NASA meteorological database, PV energy output, solar radiation, .
| Analytic comparison of using FFT and wavelet in IEEE 802.11.a WLAN based OFDM technique |
| Habab Habib Alshammary, Abdel-Rahman Al-Qawasmi |
Abstract Modulation techniques play a significant role in minimizing the effect of noise produced by noisy channels, especially thermal noise produced due the heat effect in electronic communication systems. The effect of noise has a significant value in wireless communication systems and can affect the performance of systems and be increasing the probability of error. This increasing of the probability of error will be over some acceptable values due the me\multiplexing technique used which will force the system to decrease the needed data rate. OFDM meets requirements of high data rates of mobile wireless communications; the OFDM technology is to be an essential technique for achieving the high data capacity and spectral efficiency requirements for wireless communication systems. In this paper an investigation into wavelet and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and their effect on WLAN IEEE.802.11.a system that implements Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM analyzed the effect of AWGN using different modulation techniques parameters that simulated to study the performance of the proposed system such as BPSK, DPSK, QPSK, DQPSDK QAM16 and QAM64. Results extracted in simulation part presents a sufficient privilege for DWT-OFDM pair.
| Manchester-Coded Minimum Shift Keying (MCMSK) |
| Ibrahim N. Abu-Isbeih, Member, IEEE |
Abstract Minimum (frequency) Shift Keying (MSK) is a spectrally efficient modulation scheme compared with other constant envelope modulation schemes. However, its main sidelobe can be of some worry in digital data transmission, particularly over nonlinear channels. Therefore, it is practically of interest to search for pulse shaping schemes, largely proposed through baseband pulse shaping to reduce sideband power, which in turn reduces out-of-band interference between signal carriers in adjacent frequency channels. In this paper a pulse shaping method based on a Manchester coded signaling is proposed to be used in MSK-type signaling. A methodology is proposed for comparing the MCMSK with MSK; and the proposed pulse shaping does not attain improvement in spectral efficiency over straight MSK, for the same channel bandwidth. The fractional out-of-band power and error rate performance are used to compare the behavior of the system under the new proposed technique. The obtained results reveal that the application of Manchester-coded signaling in MSK attains good improvement in symbol synchronization; but the spectral and power efficiencies are less than that of MSK.
Ibrahim N. Abu-Isbeih, Member, IEEE
Index Terms—Minimum Shift Keying (MSK), Pulse Shaping, Manchester Code, MCMSK.
| Automatic Solar Digital Wireless Irrigation Systems for Open Areas and Green Houses |
| M. K. Al Enazi, A. A. Alomar, K. I. Alinzi, A. M. Alsaeed |
Abstract Nowadays, the water problem becomes an international issue. So, it is a critical step for scientists to use science and new technologies to solve this global problem. While many of them seeking for solutions that based on finding new water recourses, others trying to use different methods for saving water consumption. The lack of water supply in Saudi Arabia and specifically always been the major constraint on agriculture and the determining factor on where cultivation occurred. The aim of this research is to design and implement a complete, reliable wireless irrigation system that has a great advantage in saving time, labor and cost. There are several attempts to use wireless the technology in building an efficient wireless irrigation system. But, these systems suffered from the lack of permanent power supply and the inability to deal with multiple sensing and related multiplexing techniques. The solar and automatic wireless technologies add a complete hand free work for all users. The system fulfills all the farmer needs to get cheaper and better quality products. The system is based on wireless digital technology that can be used for automatic irrigation of different areas. To achieve this purpose, digital multiplexing techniques are used to receive different control signals from different transmitters to control pumps, valves, and other end devices.
Index Terms—Irrigation System, Wireless communication, Solar energy.
| Optimisation of Energy Efficiency in MU Buildings using WSAN |
| Dr Abdel-Rahman Al-Qawasmi Majmaah University |
Abstract Oil and gas remain the largest sources of the primary energy used for the production of electricity in KSA. Based on data published in [1], 57% of electricity generation comes from oil and 43% come from gas. These main two resources give total installed power generation capacity about 45000 MW. The consumption of energy (per capita electricity consumption) increases day by day due to different factors like increasing use of energy intensive appliances such as air conditions and ovens and subsidised tariffs. Subsidising the electricity tariffs is also a factor for the intensive use of electricity in the domestic and industrial sectors. The governmental buildings consume about 11% of the total national energy consumption, and 60% of this percentage is lost due to the misuse of the light and air conditions [14]. This loss could be reduced by using a smart system that monitor and control operation of light and air conditions in all administrative buildings. Smart light, smart window, and motion sensors, etc. can be used to increase the energy efficiency of the administrative buildings. Optimisation of energy efficiency in Majmaah University (MU) administrative buildings using a wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) is an efficient method for managing the power consumption.
Index Terms—Energy Efficiency, WSAN, Optimisation, Majmaah University
| Processors Speed Acceleration Models Based on Single and Multi-Core Computing |
Abstract the power and energy normalisation to increase the performance of muti-core processors is one of the challenges for processors designers. Several models cover the power and performance of multi-core processors. In this work, we will try to explain such models and proposing an excellent model that concerns the advantages and drawbacks of these architecture models. The target is to get a high acceleration based on the optimum balance between power and performance. This is achieved by including additional process’s features. For multi-core processors using the pipelining techniques show a very high acceleration but with low power and energy normalisation. Working sequentially and concentrating on the multi- core principle show an adequate speed acceleration with high normalised power and energy. The results show better performance using the extended model between 0.08% to 0.15%.
Index Terms— multi-core processors; processor’ acceleration; energy saving; power and energy normalization.
| Minimising of Energy-Consuming of Power Allocation in OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Systems Using a Modified Water-Filling Algorithm |
| M. S. Joshi and S.R Kumar Technological India University School of Communications and Signal Processing |
Abstract In this work, the water-filling system is proposed to calculate the energy is consuming of power allocation in OFDM-based cognitive radio systems. The conventional water-filling algorithm shows high complexity. To minimise this complexity and to minimise the energy-consuming, a simplified water-filling algorithm is modified. It was evident from extracted results that lowering complexity and minimising the energy-consuming will affect the performance of the system regarding the probability of error mainly. The proposed algorithm can be improved if the secondary multi-carrier system is considered instead of the initial allocation.
Index Terms—Energy minimising, OFDM systems, Cognitive Radio, Modified Water-Filling Algorithm
| Maximizing the Power Output of Photovoltaic Systems Using Modified Power Point Tracking |
| M. S. Joshi and S.R Kumar Technological India University School of Communications and Signal Processing |
Abstract In this work, the water-filling system is proposed to calculate the energy is consuming of power allocation in OFDM-based cognitive radio systems. The conventional water-filling algorithm shows high complexity. To minimise this complexity and to minimise the energy-consuming, a simplified water-filling algorithm is modified. It was evident from extracted results that lowering complexity and minimising the energy-consuming will affect the performance of the system regarding the probability of error mainly. The proposed algorithm can be improved if the secondary multi-carrier system is considered instead of the initial allocation.
Index Terms—Energy minimising, OFDM systems, Cognitive Radio, Modified Water-Filling Algorithm
| Design and Simulation of Grid Connected PV system with DC Boost Converter and Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT |
| Ubaid ur Rehman1, Muhammad Riaz2 |
Abstract Demand of the renewable energy resources is increasing nowadays, due to the fast economic growth of the nations across the world, environmental issues have been increased. To counter these ongoing problems in this research work, we have developed a grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) model to produce clean energy with maximum efficiency. In this model an Electronic Controller (EC) for PV panels interfacing with the grid is designed, This EC model consists on a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) coupled with a DC boost converter connected with a line commutated inverter and the MPPT controller has been simulated. Subject upon that, the PV panel output is inconsistent. To supply constant DC voltages to the inverter circuit, it is necessary to adjust the duty cycle of PI controller. In this simulated modal a single phase grid is continuously fed by a Solar Array by extracting maximum power through the MPPT controller. The grid is fed through active power by altering firing angles at open and closed loop modes. The response of both cases has been compared and found that they are comparatively stable. This model has been simulated in Matlab/Simulink and found that the active power fed into the grid at different firing angles in both open and closed loop modes is stable.
Index Terms—Photovoltc module, Pi controller, Line commulated invertor, Boost convertor, MPPT.